Weather Reports and Tables/ Graphs

OBJECTIVE: To describe and explain the weather for Bloomington for your three day study period  INSTRUCTIONS: The weather project is designed to give you the experience of: collecting your own observations or weather conditions; describing/analyzing the collected data using weather maps and other observations available on the Internet; and integrating this variety of data sources into a concise written report which interprets the observed data in terms of synoptic and local weather.   This lab can be conducted either in groups (of two or three) or individually; however, you are strongly encouraged to work in groups of three people.  Data must be collected and interpreted for three days.  Be sure to trade email addresses and phone numbers with those in your group.  If you have problems with your group, you MUST talk to your AI early in the project.   Your group will be assigned a three-day time period by your AI during the lab meeting.  Your group will turn in one final report, which includes tables and graphs of your collected data, all collected maps and images, and a written analysis of the data (no more than 5 pages double-spaced). DATA COLLECTION:   1. Record weather data on the tables provided in your lab manual, three times a day [8am, 12noon, 5pm] .  Your Associate Instructor will show you the instruments (both outside and inside the Student Building) during your laboratory meeting.   2. Download and print out the following maps and images: ·         Surface weather map - three times a day [8am, 12noon, 5pm] ·         Infrared satellite image - three times a day [8am, 12noon, 5pm] ·         Surface observations (meteogram) for Indianapolis - once a day (each meteogram covers the last 24 hours of data) ·         Also see weather servers on main page for Unysis or NWS links      If these links are not working, you will need to find another site in the "Alternate Sources" listed below.      For the surface maps and satellite images, be sure that you print ALL of the country. Either print the image in landscape orientation or shrink the image, so that it will fit on one page.      Check that these images are for the correct time - occasionally they might be updated an hour or two late.  Surface maps and satellite images up to 12 hours old may be retrieved from the Time links at the top of each page.      Remember Universal Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC, GMT, or Z) is used on NWS weather reports.    3. You may also choose to look at or print out other images or data, such as:

          -  Upper air maps - this 500mb plot is updated twice a day; other levels may also be plotted

Radar images Visible satellite images EXPLANATION OF IMAGES AND ALTERNATE SOURCES:  See weather server list on main page Surface weather maps  Satellite Imagery  Surface observations at one location  Upper air data  Radar DATA INTERPRETATION Some points to consider in interpreting your data Your report should contain, at a minimum, two graphs: a time series of temperature and a time series of pressure.  These can be done either on two graphs (time on the x-axis, temperature or pressure on the y-axis) or on one graph (time on the x-axis, temperature on the y-axis, pressure on a secondary y-axis).  For a complete report you should include at least on other graph showing some other aspect of your data, as well.  These graphs can either be done by hand or with an Excel worksheet (sample graph).

Some of these sites are very busy. A fuller list of alternatives is provided by the IU Atmospheric Science program.

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So, Too, Either, Neither

 





So and Too
The word 'so' and 'too' are useed to combine two positive statement with identical predicates to form a compound sentences.
Formula:
so + auxiliary verb + subject
subject + auxiliaey verb + too
Example:
Nadya likes playing chess. Shandy also likes playing chess.
-Nadya likes playing  chess and so does shandy
-Nadya likes playing  chess and shandy does too

either and neither

The word 'either' and 'neither' to combine two negative statements with identicalpredicates to form a compound sentence.
Formula:
Subject +  auxiliaey verb + not + either
neither + auxiliaey verb + subject
Example:
alvian is not doing his homework now. VIta is also not doing her homework.
-Alvian is not doing his homework now and vita is not either
-Alvian is not doing his homework now and neither is vita

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Indefinite Pronouns

 

 

 

What are Indefinite Pronouns?

As the name suggests indefinite pronouns are pronouns that are not definite in meaning. In other words they are not specific in which noun they replace. They may be singular or plural, and must match the verb in number.
There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:

anybody	anyone
anything	everybody
everyone	everything
nobody	none
no one	nothing
somebody	someone
something

Example:

Anything is possible if you believe.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are:

all	another
any	both
each	either
few	many
neither	one
some	several

Examples:

Many are planning to attend the party. (In this case the identity of the group that is going to the party would have already been mentioned.)
Would you like to try some of these cookies? (The word cookies makes it clear what some is referring to.)

Not to confuse you but keep in mind the pronouns in this group can function as adjectives if nouns directly follow them.
More Examples:

Many classmates are planning to attend the party.
I checked out some books from the library.

Singular and Plural Indefinite Pronouns
As mentioned previously indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural and the verb has to match in number. Below is the list of singular indefinite pronouns.

Another	Anybody
Anyone	Anything
Each	Either
Everybody	Everyone
Everything	Neither
Nobody	No one
Nothing	One
Somebody	Something
Someone

Examples:
There are three groups of participants, and each has its own requirements.
Someone special is about to arrive.

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Expressing Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction

 

Expressing satisfaction
• I’m satisfied with ….
• I’m satisfied at ….
• I’m glad with what you've done

• It’s really satisfying.
• Everything was satisfying.

Expressing dissatisfaction

• It isn’t very nice.
• It’s really not good enough.
• I’m dissatisfied by ….
• It’s dissatisfying.
• Oh no.

 

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Public Service announcements and Posters

 

 

TV PSA's

SAVE's 30 second TV PSA's, You Can Too!, is a great public awareness tool for distribution to your local stations, cable systems and community access channels. The spot is available in Beta videotape format and available to purchase. Multiple copies can be purchased at a discount rate. Call 952-946-7998 or email save@save.org for more information.


Poster

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Transitions : Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, Therefore, Consequently

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

List of Transition Words

While you do not want your paper or other written piece to sound like a long string of transition words, consider adding some of these suggestions from our list of transition words when appropriate in order to spice up your work and to make the sections flow more smoothly from one to another.

What follows is a list of transition words which you might want to use in your writing from time to time. Note that some of them are phrases and not singular words.

• Therefore
• However
• Moreover
• Lastly
• Next
• Also
• Furthermore
• In addition to
• Similarly
• Likewise
• Accordingly
• Hence
• Consequently
• As a result
• Thereby
• Otherwise
• Subsequently
• Thus
• So then
• Wherefore
• Generally
• Usually
• For the most part
• As a rule
• Ordinarily
• Regularly
• In particular
• For instance
• Particularly
• Especially
• Such as
• Including
• Namely
• For example
• As an example
• In this case
• Above all
• Singularly
• Likewise
• Coupled with
• Compared to
• In comparison to
• Together with
• Besides
• In brief
• In short
• In conclusion
• In the meantime
• Soon
• Later
• In the meanwhile
• Afterward
• Earlier
• In summary
• To summarize
• Finally
• Before
• After
• By the way
• Incidentally
• As a result of
• Accidentally
• Here
• There
• Over there
• Opposite
• Under
• Beyond
• In the distance
• To the left
• To the right

Purpose of Transition Words

Transition words help a written piece to flow more smoothly. Within these types of words, your writing will become choppy. However, sometimes, when a writer is advised to use a new type of device in his or her writing, that person will tend to start sprinkling it in everywhere. Transition words should really fall very naturally throughout a composition.

Let us take a look at examples of sentences without a transition words, and then add a transition word in. You will be able to see how they work with the written word. The first example in each set will be lacking a transition word, and the second example in each set will have one.

• Carla spent a long day working at the school and then cooking dinner for her family. She got a large cup of coffee. vs. Carla spent a long day working at the school and then cooking dinner for her family. Therefore, she got a large cup of coffee.
• Jeffrey will be ready to leave for the trip in twenty minutes. Fill up the car with gas please. vs. Jeffrey will be ready to leave for the trip in twenty minutes. In the meanwhile, fill up the car with gas please.
• The trip through the desert was extremely tiring for the crew. In the distance they saw civilization. vs. The trip through the desert was extremely tiring for the crew. Finally, in the distance, they saw civilization.
• Paul did not run for the ice cream truck with the other children. He doesn't like ice cream. vs. Paul did not run for the ice cream truck with the other children. Besides, he doesn't like ice cream. 

The second sentence in each of these pairs is grammatically correct. However, after you read them over a few times, you will see how adding in a transition makes the written word sound more sophisticated.

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Noun Clauses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complemen within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.

Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses and wh-clauses:

• that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.

• wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I see what I say? 

Examples and Observations:

• "When Mrs. Frederick C. Little's second son arrived, everybody noticed that he was not much bigger than a mouse."
  (E.B. White, Stuart Little, 1945)



• "A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students."
  (John Ciardi, Saturday Review, 1966)



• "I know that there are things that never have been funny, and never will be. And I know that ridicule may be a shield, but it is not a weapon."
  (Dorothy Parker)



• "I believe that there is a subtle magnetism in Nature, which, if we unconsciously yield to it, will direct us aright."
  (Henry David Thoreau)



• "The thought of stars contributed to the power of his feeling. What moved him was a sense of those worlds around us, our knowledge however imperfect of their nature, our sense of their possessing some grain of our past and of our lives to come."
  (John Cheever, Oh What a Paradise It Seems. Random House, 1982)



• "Whoever was the person behind Stonehenge was one dickens of a motivator, I'll tell you that."
  (Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island. Doubleday, 1995)



• "How we remember, what we remember, and why we remember form the most personal map of our individuality."
  (Christina Baldwin)



• "This is the story of what a Woman's patience can endure, and of what a Man's resolution can achieve."
  (Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White, 1859)



• "That dogs, low-comedy confederates of small children and ragged bachelors, should have turned into an emblem of having made it to the middle class--like the hibachi, like golf clubs and a second car--seems at the very least incongruous."
  (Edward Hoagland, "Dogs, and the Tug of Life")



• Nominal Clauses as Direct Objects
  "All sentences, then, are clauses, but not all clauses are sentences. In the following sentences, for example, the direct object slot contains a clause rather than a noun phrase. These are examples of nominal clauses (sometimes called 'noun clauses'):
  • I know that the students studied their assignment.
  • I wonder what is making Tracy so unhappy.
  These nominal clauses are examples of dependent clauses--in contrast to independent clauses, those clauses that function as complete sentences."
  (Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed., Allyn and Bacon, 1998)



• Noun-Clause Starters
  "We use various words to start noun clauses. . . .
  
  "These words include the word that, which in its role as a noun clause starter is not a relative pronoun, for it serves no grammatical role in the clause; it just starts the clause. For example: The committee stated that it would follow the agent's policy. Here the noun clause serves the noun role of direct object of the transitive verb stated. But a careful look at the clause reveals that the word that does not serve any role within the clause, other than simply to get it going.
  
  "Other noun clause starters do serve grammatical roles within the clause. For example: We know who caused all the trouble. Here the noun clause starter is the relative pronoun who. Notice that inside the noun clause who serves as the grammatical subject of the verb caused.
  
  "Additional words serve as noun clause starters. A relative adverb can get one going: How he won the election mystified the pundits. So can a relative pronoun acting as an adjective: We know which career she will pursue. In these two sentences, how is an adverb modifying the verb won, and which is a relative-pronoun-adjective modifying the noun career."
  (C. Edward Good, A Grammar Book for You and I--Oops, Me!. Capital Books, 2002)

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